what isTyphoid Fever? cause, site of infection, Sign and Symptoms, mode of Transmission and Investigation.

                            Typhoid Fever

         What is Typhiod Fever?

         Typhoid  Fever also known as Enteric fever.it is a Water-brone disease.Typhoid Fever is caused by Salmonella typhio bacteria and Parathypio A and B. paratyphoid Fever is caused by parathypyi A and B. unless underwire specified, enteric Fever always mean typhoid fever paratypyio is less severe. Typhoid Fever is rare in Industrialized countries. It is Most Common in India Africa and Latin America. However, It remains a serious Health Threat in the Developing World, Especially for Children.

        Causes of Typhoid fever

          Typhoid Fever Transmitted Through Contaminated Food, Water, and Vegetables usually affected School Children or through close contact with someone who's infected.

          Site of Infection

After few days of Infection, basically localized mainly in the Lymphoid Tissue Intestine result I typical Lesions in payer’s Patches and follicles these swell first then ulcerate and usually heal. Typhoid Bacteria live in Gall Bladder for month, Intestine and year and pass Intermittently in Stool less in Urine.  They are also surviving Intracellular tissue like Spleen Kidney Heart and bone marrow.They can also survive in Water Soil Food sewage ice cream etc for long period 15 to 20 days.

Sign And Symptoms

During the First Week of Typhoid Fever there is gradual Fever continues raises day by day in the “step ladder” fashion, associated with chills and severe pronominal symptoms such as Headache body ache malaise  loss of appetite, joint pains with occasional vomiting. Fever will be the range 38°C to 40°C .Then dry cough.

During Second week temperature reaches (104°F) skin is dry and hot, tongue is coated. Patients tired, abdomen is distended, Spleen is enlarged and soft, tenderness in the right iliac fossa, relative bradycardia and there often there will be transient appearance of rashes over the abdomen. There may be diarrhea with “pea-soups” stools.

During third Fever , the patient will have signs of Toxemia such as High Temperature rapid Thread Pulse, Mentally , Dull, Delirious , Disoriented, Sleepy confused, tales Irreverently, will have Face , later become stupor us develops Coma and Dies 

 After the Development of Antibodies and with or without Treatment Temperature falls. This Disease mainly Transmitted by feco-oral route.

Mode of transmission of Typhoid Fever 

·      Typhoid mainly transmitted by sewage (fecal) contaminated food vegetables through house flies.

·      This disease also transmitted through contaminated milk because water adds to milk-handler.

·      A vegetable grown in sewage farms also favors the spread of Typhoid Fever.

·      Lack of personal hygiene such as non trimming nails also favors the spread typhoid fever through fingers.

·      Pathology and pathogenesis of Typhoid Fever

·      Typhoid bacteria enter the body through the mouth , the pathogenesis enter into the blood stream, reach reticuloendothelial cells, where they multiply and after rupture of RE cells, they poured into the resulting in Bacteraemia and circulate for one week.

After circulation they settle mainly in payer’s patches of ileum spleen and gallbladder result complicated.

Ileum: - Payer’s patches are the most commonest site of involvement. These patches are all inflamed resulting ulcers with discharge of bacilli and pus into lumen of gut. The mesenteric lymph nodes are also involved.

Spleen: - There is lymphoid hyperplasia result splenomegaly. The presence of Typhoid Bacteria in spleen may act as a seed of future relapse.  

 Gallbladder:-the chronic infection of Typhoid Bacteria in the gallbladder results in Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis (Stones).

On autolysis, the pathogens release 

     Investigations for Typhoid Fever

Ø During first week of illness -Blood for culture

Ø During second week of illness - Blood for Widal, TC (leucopenia).

Ø During third week of illness – Blood for repeat Widal test and stool and Urine for culture.

Note: Blood for Widal test will negative during first week and blood for repeat Widal during third week shows increase in antibody titre, which is confirmative. Stool and urine culture will be positive only during week Onwards.

                   Homeopathic Medicine For Typhoid Fever

Arsenic album : I have used the remedy with the great success in Typhoid Fever  in three drop doses every two hours-six doses daily. If the Temperature does not abate, give Sulphur 200 on e dose on empty Stomach no other Remedy on that day.

Phosphorus. It is used only when Typhoid is complicated with Pneumonia. It is also valuable in Diarrhea and Convalescence has set in.

Baptisia. It is indicated when Typhoid is accompanied with Diarrhea. The Stools are of sour smell. sudden prostration. Indifference and Apathy . It cuts shorts the period, If given in early stage. Typhoid is usually Rapid onset.

Gelsemium. Is to be given in early stage of Typhoid  Fever. there is no thirst, but the Headache is troublesome. the patient is otherwise Quite, Indifferent, Emotionless, drooping Eyelids, Trembling, Chilliness, Drowsiness dread of motion,Prostration.

Lachesis. It has the slimier symptoms as in Baptisia, except that Lachesis patient worse after the sleep and has a tendency to Hemorrhage of Dark Blood. he is sensitive to touch especially at the neck and wrist loss of speech. Offensive Discharges, low muttering Delirium, dry Trembling Tongue.

Abisinthium. Sleeplessness in Typhoid. congestion of the brain.

         Acid phos. Prostration and Weakness and exhaustion sweat after Typhoid,               especially in women.

 Stramonium. Typhoid Fever with Oozing of Blood from the Month, Tongue   Dry,   Swollen which fills mouth, printed red like a piece of meat.