Homeopathic remedies for Chickungunya

Bryonia: Pain all over the body, but not deep in the bones. wants to lie quietly. thirst qualities of water of long intervals.

Eupatorium perf: An excellent remedy for pains go deep into the bones. vomiting and restlessness.

Rhus Tox: Is indicated when muscular pain.

Varatrum viride: High temperature with great variation.

Causticum: High fever, flushed face, no chillness much prostration , could hardly get out of the bed.

Apis Mel: Chill with sudden violent vomiting. The Fever comes in the between 6 and 7pm.

Chickungunya Fever (Epidemic Polyarthritis)

                                            Chickungunya Fever

     It is an acute infectious disease, caused by Chickungunya virus, transmitted by the bite of Infective, female added mosquito. Clinically characterized by sudden onset of fever associated with chills, severe myalgia, Malaise, polyarthritis, and often associated with rashes with or without mild itching. It is resemble with dengue fever. In India, endemic occurs in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nada and Andhra Pradesh during March to August 2006. Seen mainly in Africa, Pakistan, India south eat Asia Philliphiens

Causative agent:

The organism Chickungunya virus, it belongs to Group A antiviruses. It is killed by common disinfectant, moist heat and drying. 

Reservoir:

It is a Disease of human beings only. There is no animal reservoir. There is no carrier state also. 

Transmission: 

Chickungunya Fever transmitted from person to person, by the bite of Infective, female, aedes mosquito.

Vector:

The Chief vector is aedes aegypti. 

Breeding Place: 

Aedes aegypti breeds in water collected in containers like tumblers, coconut-shell, bottles, broken tins,  air-coolers, tree holes and such others in and around 4th he houses. 

Biting time:

They bite during early hours of the morning 6 to 9 am and in evening 3pm to 6pm.  They are aggressive day biters.

Incubation period:

Incubation period is 10 to 12 days. In case of aedes aegypti once the mosquito become Infective, it remains Infective throughout life, whomsoever it bites, transmits the Disease. This is how several members of the same family members simultaneously affected. 

The lifespan of the mosquito is about 3 weeks.

Clinical features:

• Incubation period is 1 to 2 weeks.
• Sudden onset of chills 
• Fever(103 - 104 F) 
• Headache 
• Nausea 
• Severe muscular pain
• Joints pain
• Joints swollen and painful to touch 
• Maculopapular rashes
• Palatal exanthemas 
• Hemorrhage is rare and mortality is rare. 

 

Management:

• Symptomatic treatment 
• Analgesics 
• Antihistaminics 
• Bed rest

Prevention and control

 

1. To remove the water containers if any. 
2. To keep the air coolers clean and dry once a week and to remove the water if not used.
3. To use mosquitoes curtain,  if habituated to sleep in afternoon or apply mosquito repellent.
4. Use mosquitoes net during sleep.\

To maintain the sanitation in and around the house.

Homeopathic remedies for Chickungunya:

Bryonia: Pain all over the body, but not deep in the bones. wants to lie quietly. thirst qualities of water of long intervals.

Eupatorium perf: An excellent remedy for pains go deep into the bones. vomiting and restlessness.

Rhus Tox: Is indicated when muscular pain.

Varatrum viride: High temperature with great variation.

Causticum: High fever, flushed face, no chillness much prostration , could hardly get out of the bed.

Apis Mel: Chill with sudden violent vomiting. The Fever comes in the between 6 and 7pm.

Health problems of Travelers

                                    Health problems of Travelers

1. Commonest health problems are diarrhea and vomiting.
2. They are separated from familiar and accessible sources of medical care. 
3. They are exposed of various forms of stress,  which reduces their resistance and makes them susceptible. For example over crowding, long hours of waiting, disruption of eating habits, change the climate.
4. They are subject to disorder induced by travel such as motion sickness, nausea,  fatigue, insomnia, and jet lag. 
5. They are exposed to diseases which are not covered by international Health Regulations e.g. malaria, typhoid, AIDS, STDs, viral hepatitis, dengue fever, etc. 
6. Younger travelers are at the greater risk than the older ones. 
7. The greater the climatic and cultural contrast between the native country and the destination country, higher risk. 

Health advice to Travelers

            Health advice to travelers 

They should:

• Avoid take contaminated food and water. They must use fresh cook food and drink fresh water.
• Avoid to taking bath with polluted water to prevent eyes or ears infection.
• Use masks in crowded area and polluted area. Especially cotton mask use. 
• Use boiled and cooled water for drinking. Mineral water bottle should be used. To prevent infection of stomach.
• Take 3 doses of Hepatitis B Vaccine with schedule of 0, 1 and 6 months.
• Avoid Sex with other partners or limit to a single. Protect from sexual transmitted diseases, only sex done with faithful uninfected partner.
• Take active immunization against tetanus after every 6 months.
• Carry medical kit containing disinfectant, dressing cloth, ORS packets, sun cream,  mosquito repellent and those drugs which are taking regularly. 
• Use disposable syringes and needles whenever injection is essential.
• Use condoms if partner unknown.
• Produce valid certificate of vaccination against yellow fever.
• Use mosquitoes net during sleep.
•  Carry "Health Card" with them.

Chickenpox ( Varicella; Waterpox)

                          

                                Chickenpox

       Chickenpox also known as varicella and water pox. It is an acute highly infectious disease, caused by varicella-zoster virus transmitted by droplet infection. Clinically characterized by fever, mild personal symptoms followed by appearance of rashes. It is not a fatal disease. 

        It is a worldwide Disease occurs both epidemic or endemic form. 

 

                   Etiological agent:

        The causative agent is varicella-zoster virus. It is a DNA virus. 

 

Source of infection: 

      Usually in case of chickenpox no subclinical cases,  no carrier state, no animals reservoirs. 

 

Infective Material:

      It is about one week e.g. one or two days before the appearance of rashes to 4 to 5 days after rashes. The patient is no longer infectious, because the virus tend disappear from the lesions.  

 

Secondary attack rate:

     Chickenpox is highly infectious to much so, The secondary attack rate is 90%. 

 

Host Factors: 

• Age incidence: Chickenpox is common in young child below 10 years of age. But also occur in adults, it is usually severe. 
• Sex incidence: Equal ratio in both sexes.
• Immunity: one  attack confers lifelong immunity. Second attack rare.  Cell mediated immunity is the one which prevents the reoccurrence.
• Pregnancy: 

          if pregnant mother effect in first trimester, in 3% cases, the fetus gets the intra-uterine in infection which causes severe damage, weight loss, Micro-ophthalmic, choroidoretintis, cataract, hypo tonicity, and zoster lesion or scars. A condition called " Congenital Varicella syndrome".

         If mother get infection during few days of delivery and not yet delvoped antibodies. The new born develop sign of chickenpox pox and it will be very severe.  

 

                    Environment Factors

         Chickenpox mostly occur in summer and overcrowded area.  

 

Mode of transmission  

           Chickenpox mostly transmitted through Droplet or Droplet nuclei. Transplecntal transmission occurs only in 3% cases. 

             Pathology and Pathogenesis  

       Chickenpox mainly enter in the through respiratory route.  Than virus circulate in blood. Then ballooning degeneration of the cells. Scabs separate within 8 to 10 days without leaving pock marks. 

 

Incubation period: 

       It is about 10 to 15 days but varies from 1 to 3 weeks. 

 

Clinical features: 

 

The clinical course occurs in two stages. 

A. Prodromal stage 

B. Exanthematous stage

A. Prodromal stage: sign and symptoms 

• Mild fever 
• Myalgia 
• malaise

 

 

Lasts for 2 or 3 days. 

B. Exanthematous stage:

1. This eruptive stage is characterized by appearance of rashes on the body next day to fever. 
2. The vesicles look like "water drop" on the skin. Rashes appear daily for 4 to 5 days.

 

1. Lesions can occur in the mouth, forming ulcers also seen in tympanic membrane, vagina and cornea. Scabs are remain for 3 weeks than fall off. Mild discoloration last of few weeks than skin become normal.

Complication: 

 

          Chickenpox is mild disease but fatal in newborn. Complication occur in only 5%cases varicella pneumonia, encephalitis, hemorrhage. 

 

Management: 

 

Isolated and managed symptomatically with analgesics, antipyretics,  soothing ointments. 

Prevention: 

 

         Active and passive immunization.

Homeopathic Medicine for Jaundice

           Homeopathic Medicine For Jaundice

Sulphur: Always treatment start from this remedy. it should be used in 200 potency.

Chelidonium: This should follow  sulphur after one day. it is specific remedy for jaundice. yellowish conjunctiva; bitter taste; deep red color of tongue; brown red urine; tenderness of liver on pressure and light clay colored stool.

Chionanthus; Catarrhal jaundice with rumbling. tongue red or eyes yellow. jaundice with suppressed menses. constipation with clay colored stool.

Hydrastis: Catarrhal jaundice with sharp stitching pain. nausea and vomiting. atrophy of the liver. tongue swollen showing marks of teeth with white or yellow color coating.

Mercurius sol. A head remedy for jaundice; yellowish conjunctiva , coated tongue, constipated, pale and dry stool, increased saliva, flabby tongue, sensitiveness over the region of liver which is swollen and hard with stinging and stitching pains.

Nux vomica: With tendency of piles and constipation. bitter taste. aversion to food. throbbing pain in the region of stomach.

Podophyllum: Fullness soreness with sharp cutting pain in liver region. constipation alternate with diarrhea

Food Poisoning, Sign and symptoms, labortary Investigations, Prevention

                         Food Poisoning

       It is acute inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, caused by the ingestion of contamination food. Clinically it is characterized by short short incubation period, pain in the abdomen, vomiting or diarrhea or without fever.

     Food poisoning differ from food brone diseases. It is not transmitted through feco-oral route. 

 

The epidemiological features of food poisoning are:

1. Short Incubation period.

2. Absence of Secondary cases.

3. Short Incubation period.

4. A group of persons being affected simultaneously.

5. Similarity of signs and symptoms.

Classical of food Poisoning 

They are broadly classified into two types:

a) Non-bacterial

b) Bacterial

 Non-bacterial again 3 types :

• Mushroom poisoning
• Solanine poisoning
• Chemical poisoning

1. Mushroom poisoning : Its occurs mainly two types of fungi poisoning amentia pantherina and amentia muscaria. symptoms occur within a few minutes or hours.abdominal pain followingvomiting and may be diarrhea occur.
2. Solanine poisoning: Solanine present in potato peeling. Symptoms occur in few hours. There will be fever, headache pain, abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness and depression.
3. Chemical poisoning: Inorganic chemical substances resulting in poisoning  pesticides, fertilizers, arsenic ,zinc and mercury.

Bacterial food poisoning this is produced by contaminated food. they are mainly  two types: 

A. Infection type 

B. Toxin type

• Infection type : In this type, organisms enter into body through the food and produce toxin. Incubation period is more then 8 to 12 hours.
• Toxin type: In this type, there is already performed toxin in the food. Incubation period shorter that infection type. Its is less than 8 to 12 hours.

Investigation:

1.  Collection of basic data such as location of the place where the affected people had   taken the food.
2.  Interrogation\
3.  Nature of food eaten during previous two days.
4.  Nature of the symptoms 
5.  Personal data e.g.. name sex address occupation and related information.
6.  Number of deaths.
7.  Assessment of environmental factors

Inception of kitchen 

• a)  To assess sanitation of kitchen and dinning hall.
• b) To known the of the food storage of food grains
•  o know the nature of the storage of cooked foods.
• To know the presence of rodents.
• Interrogation and examination of food handlers and other employs regarding personal hygiene , habits and illness.

 Laboratory investigations:

1. Vomitus and stools of the patients for culture in aerobic and aerobic medias.
2. Sample of foods 
3. Serological tests of the blood 
4. Culture of the stools and urine of the food handlers and kitchen employs.
5. Analysis of data according to the descriptive method of time, place and person distribution.
6. case control study 
7. Prevention and control ,measures undertaken.

Prevention and Control

-Take care of food 

• Proper storage of food grains.
• Proper cooking of food.
• Protection of cooking food from rodents, insects and bare- hands.
• Eating the food while hot.
• Discouraging canning of food.
• Refrigeration of remaining foods

-Taking care of food handlers 

• They should maintain a high standard  of personal hygiene.
• They are educated to undergo periodically medical check up.
• They are educated about the hazards of underground coughing and coughing.
• They must abstain from the duty, if they develop septic skin lesions, respiratory and intestinal symptoms.
• Carriers should remain absent for the duty till they are cured bacteriologically. 

- Taking care of environment

• Kitchen and dinning hall must be clean and dry.
• Utensils should be thoroughly washed with soap and hot water.
• Rodents and Insects must be controlled.